METALS AND NON-METALS

 Elements have been broadly classified as metal and non metals.

Common examples of metals are iron, copper, aluminium, tin, mercury, silver, gold, sodium, potassium etc.

Common examples of a non-metals are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, sulphur, carbon, phosphorus, etc.

Metals possess some characteristic properties like malleability, ductility, conductivity, somorousity, high melting and boiling point etc.

Non-metals exist in all the three physical states whereas metals exist in solid state.

Metal oxides are generally basic, a few metal oxides are amphoteric in nature.

Metals react with water from there oxides or hydroxides.

Metal when react with acids from salt and hydrogen ges.

Ionic compounds so formed are generally soluble in water and good conductor electricity in solution form or in molten state.

Most of the metals occur in nature in the form of there compounds called minerals or ores.

The type of metallurrgical process used will depend on the nature of metal.

The metals get weakened due to environmental effect. This is known as metal corrosion.

Corrosion of iron is known as rustin.

Metal corrosion can be prevented by painting, applying, oils, galvanisation, electroplating and alloying.

                                            SOME MORE DEFINATION

Metals: Those element atoms of which contain less then for electrons in there outermost shells and which by losing electrons from positively charged ions are called metals.

Non- metal: Non-metals are those elements atoms of which process four or more elements in there outermost shells and which by gaining electrons from negatively charged ions are called non-metals.

Ductility: The property of metals due to which they can be stretched in to thin wires are called ductility.

Malleability: The property of metals due to which they can be hammered in to thin sheets is called malleability.

Metal corrosion: The weakening of metals due to environment effect generally due to oxidation is called corrosion.

Electrical conductivity: The property of metals due to which they conduct electric current (without much electrical resistance) is called electrical conductivity.

Thermal conductivity: The property of metals due to which they can transfer heat from their one part to the other is called thermal conductivity.

Cations: The ions carrying positive charge.

Anions: The ions carrying negative charge.

Amphoteric oxides: The oxides which can behave both ways - as an acid and a base.

Alkali: A base which is soluble in water can form aqueous solution.

Minerals: The compounds of metals which are naturally available in the earth crust.

Ores: The minerals from which a metal can be extracted easily and profitably.

Gangue: The unwanted earthly matter, rocks, dustpresent along with the ores is called gangue.

Metal refining: Removal of impurities present in a metal is called metal refining.

 Rust: The brown coloured leyer formed as a result of reaction of iron articles with water and oxygen .

Allotropy: The phenomena of existance of two or more physical forms of the same chemical element is called allotropy.

Allotropes: Different physical forms of the same chemical element .

Conductors: Those substances through which electricity can pass easily without much resistance are called conductors.

   Electrolyte: Generally an ionic compound in solution form or molten state which conduct electricity is called electrolyte.

Anode: The electrode attached to the positive terminal of the battery in a circuit.

Cathode: The electrode attached to negative terminals of the battery.

Alloys: A solid homogeneous mixture of two or more metals (with non-metals) is called an alloy.

Alloying: The process of preparing an alloy.