EXPLANATION OF DNA AND IMPORTANCE OF INHERITANCE

                          WE HAVE STUDIES THAT THE CHROMOSOMES PRESENT INTO THE NUCLEUS OF A CELL HAVE INFORMATION FOR INHERITANCE OF FUTURE FROM THE PARENTS TO NEXT GENERATION IN THE FORM OF DNA MOLECULE. THE DNA PRESENT INTO THE CELL NUCLEUS IS THE INFORMATION SOURCE FOR PRODUCING PROTEINS .

DNA  (DEOXYRIBO NUCLEIC ACID)

                                 DNA IS THE MOLECULE THAT CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE OF ORGANISM .THIS INCLUDE ANIMALS ,PLANTS,PROTISTS,BACTERIA AND ARCHEA.

DNA IS IN EACH CELL IN THE ORGANISM AND TELLS CELLS WHAT PROTEIN TO MAKE. MOSTLY THESE PROTEINS ARE ENZYMES .DNA IS INHERITATED BY CHILDREN FROM THEIR PARENTS .THIS IS WHY CHILDREN SHARE TRAITS WITH THE PARENTS SUCH AS SKIN,HAIR AND EYE COLOUR.

STRUCTURE OF DNA- 

                        DNA HAS A DOUBLE HELIX SHAPE WHICH IS LIKE A LADDER TWIST INTO A SPIRAL .EACH STEP OF THE LADDER IS THE PAIR OF NUCLEOTIDES.

NUCLEOTIDE-  THIS IS MADE UP OF

 DEOXYRIBOSE (A KIND OF SUGAR WITH 5 CARBON ATOM)

A PHOSPHATE (MADE UP OF PHOSPHOROUS AND OXYGEN)

AND NITROGENUS BASE

DNA MADE UP OF 4 TYPE OF NUCLEOTIDE-

1)ADENINE                                  2)THYMINE

3)CYTOSINE                                4)GUANINE

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS- 

                   A SECTION OF DNA THAT CONTAINS INSTRUCTION TO MAKE A PROTEIN IS CALLED A GENE.EACH GENE HAS THE SEQUENCE FOR AT LEAST ONE POLYPEPTIDE.PROTEINS FORMS STRUCTURE AND ALSO FORM ENZYMES .THE ENZYMES DO MOST OF THE WORK IN CELLS.THE PROTEINS ARE MADE OUT OF SMALLER POLYPEPTIDES WHICH ARE FORMED OF AMINO ACID .

           GENES ENCODED IN DNA ARE TRANSCRIBED INTO MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) BY PROTEINS SUCH AS RNA POLYMERASE. MATURE mRNA IS THEN USED AS A TEMPLATE FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY THE RIBOSOMES . RIBOSOMES READ CODON ,WORDS MADE OF THREE BASE PAIRS THAT TELL THE RIBOSOME. WHICH AMINO ACID TO ADD .THE RIBOSOME SCANS ALONG AN mRNA ,READING THE CODE WHILE IT MAKES PROTEIN. ANOTHER RNA CALLED tRNA HELPS MATCH THE RIGHT AMINO ACID TO EACH CODON. 

THE IMPORTANCE OF INHERITANCE-

                             THE PROCESS OF INHERITANCE IS HUGELY IMPORTANT FOR UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEXITY OF LIFE ON EARTH, IN PARTICULAR FOR ITS ROLE IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND EVOLUTION . FOR THIS MADEL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE, BIOLOGY AND GENETICS ARE STILL WIDELY RECOGNISED AND APPLAUDED WITHIN THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY.

 

                      POPULATION OF LIVING BEINGS FILL WELL-DEFINED PLACES , OR NICHES , IN THE ECOSYSTEM , USING THEIR ABILITY TO REPRODUCE. DURING REPRODUCTION THE CONSISTENCY OF DNA COPYING IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF BODY DESIGN FEATURES THAT PERMIT THE ORGANISMS TO USE THAT PARTICULAR NICHE. REPRODUCTION IS THEREFORE RELATED TO THE STABILITY OF POPULATIONS  OF   SPECIES.