NCERT 10TH LIFE PROCESS(AUTOTROPHS AND HETROTROPHS )

 THE PROCESS WHICH TOGETHER PERFORM THIS MAINTAIN JOB ARE LIFE PROCESS.SINCE,THIS MAINTANANCE PROCESSES WILL BE REQUIRED TO PREVENT DAMAGE AND BREAKDOWN ENERGY IS LIKLY TO BE REQUIRED FOR THEM.

    

                   THE GENERAL NEED FOR ENERGY AND MATERIALS IN IS NORMAL IN ALL ORGANISM BUT IT IS FULFILLED BY VARIOOUS WAYS.SOME ORG USED SIMPLE FOOD MATERIAL PRODUCED FROM INORGANIC SOURCES IN THE FORM OF CO2 AND H2O  .OTHER ORGANISMS CONSUME COMPLEX SUBSTANCES THESE SUBSTANCES NEED TO BE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER ONCE BEFORE THEY CAN BE USED FOR THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BODY.TO DO THIS ORGANISM USED BIOCATALYST KNOWN AS ENZYMES. THUS THE LIFE OF HETROTROPHS DEPENDS DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ON AUTOTROPHS.SUCH HETROTROPHIC ORGANISMS INCLUDE FUNGI AND ANIMALS.-

AUTOTROPHS-CARBON AND ENEGY REQUIREMENTS OF THE ORGANISM ARE SATISFIED BY PHOTOSYNTHESIS .SIMPLY IT IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH AUTOTROPHS OBTAINED SUBSTANCES FROM THE OUTSIDE AND CHNGED THEM INTO STORED FORMS OF ENEGY THE SUBSTANCE IS TAKEN IN THE FORM OF H2O AND CO2 WHICH IS CHANGED INTO CARBOHYDRATES IN THE PRESENCE OF CHLOROPHYLL AND SUNLIGHT.CARBOHYDRATES ARE USED FOR GIVING ENERGY TO THE PLANT .THIS PROCESS IS CALLED PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

  HETROTROPHS- EVERY ORGANISM IS ADAPTED TO ITS ENVIRONMENT .THE FORM OF NUTRITION VARIES DEPENDING UPON THE KIND AND AND AVAILABILITY OFFOOD MATERIAL AS WELL AS HOW IT IS TAKEN UP BY THE ORGANISM. THERE IS A RANGE OF STRATEGIES BY WHICH THE FOOD IS OBTAINED AND CONSUMED BY THE ORGANISMS.SOME ORGANISM BREAKDOWN THE FOOD MATERIAL OUTSIDE THE BODY AND THEN ABSORB IT. AND SOME OTHER ORG OBTAINED NUTRITRION FROM OTHER ANIMAL OR PLANTS WITHOUT KILLING THEM.THIS NUTRITIVE STRATEGY IS USED BY A VARIETY OF ORGANIISMS LIKE ORCHIDS,CUSCUTA,TICKS,LICE, TAPWORMS AND LEECHES .

HOW DO ORGANISMS OBTAINED THEIR NUTRITION- 

            IN UNICELLULAR ORG,THE FOOD MAY BE TAKEN IN BY THE ENTIRE SURFACE .INSIDE THE FOOD VACUOLE COMPLEX SUBSTANCES ARE SPLIT UP INTO THE SIMPLER ONES WHICH GET DIFFUSE INTO THE CYTOPLASM .THE REMAINING UNDIGESTED MATERIAL IS TRANSFERRED TO THE SURFACE OF THE CELL AND THROWN OUT.

     IN PARAMECIEUM ,A UNICELLULAR ORGANISM THE CELL HAS A FIXED SHAPE AND FOOD IS TAKEN IN AT A SPECIFIC SPOT .FOOD IS TRANSFERRED TO THIS SPOT BY THE MOVEMENT OF CILIA WHICH COVER THE WHOLE SURFACE OF THE CELL.