CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

 Carbon is a versatile element on which many things like food, clothes, medicines, books, etc are based.

Because of its tetravalency carbon form covalent bonds.

Carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity.

The compounds of carbon and hydrogen only are known as hydrocarbons.

Carbon show allotropy and its main allotropes are graphite and diamond.

Fullerenes are another class of allotropes of carbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in the shape of a football.

Compound of carbon in which carbon atoms are linked by single bonds only are called saturated compounds.

Compounds of carbon in which carbon atoms are linked by double or triple bonds are called unsaturated compounds.

The other elements which may be present in the hydrocarbons are called hetero elements. These elements decide about the properties of those compounds.

Carbon atoms have a tendency to form bonds with other carbon atoms to form long chains this property is known as catenation. 

Atom of group which determine be property of an organic compound is called functional group.

Compounds with  same functional group and similar chemical properties from homologous series.

There are three homologous series of hydrocarbons alkanes. Alkenes and alkynes.

Coal and petroleum are fossil fuels.

Ethanol and ethanoic acids are very important carbon compound.

Ethanol is an important fuel. 

Alcohol consumption by humans lead to many health hazards .

Reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohols lead to formation of esters which are sweet smelling compounds.

saponification is the process of formation soap.

                        SOME MORE DEFINATION 

CARBON: The element with atomic number 6. mass number 12. Electronic configuration 2, 4,valency 4, belongs to 14th group of periodic table and symbolised as 6/12, c widely distributed in nature.

COVALENT BONDS: The chemical bond formed as a result of sharing of electrons between/ among atoms of same/different elements (non-metals).

VALENCY: The combining capacity of atoms of an element. it is generally denoted by no. of valence electron or by subtracting no. of valence electrons from 8(complete octet ,outermost shell).

NOBLE GASES: Gases like He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe which are inert due to there completely filled valence shell are called noble gases.

OCTET: The completely filled outermost shell with eight electrons is called octet.

ALLOTROPY:  The phenomena of existence of two or more physical forms of the same chemical element with same chemical properties is called allotropy.

ALLOTROPES: Different physical forms of the same chemical element.

GRAPHITE: An allotrope of carbon, grey in colour some what slippery to touch, good conductor of heat and electricity.

FULLERENES: These from another class of carbon allotropes in which the carbon atoms are arranged in the shape of a football (c-60).

SATURATED COMPOUND: The organic compounds in which there are present carbon- carbon single bonds only, are called satutrated compounds.

UNSATURATED COMPOUND: The organic compound in which there are present at least one carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond.

ISOMERISM; The phenomena of existance of more than one structural formula for the same molecular formula is called isomerism. 

ISOMERS; Different structural formula for the same molecular formula are called isomers.

HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; A series of organic compound which can be represented by same general formula and which possess similar chemical properties form a homologous series.

IUPAC: stands for international union of pure and applied chemistry.

CATALYSTS; The substance which bring about a change in rate of reaction without undergoing any chemical change themselves.

FERMENTATION;The conversion of complex organic compounds into simple organic compounds by enzymes is called fermenation .

ESTERS: The organic compounds with general formula RCOOR some of which are sweet smelling.

ESTERIFICATION: The process of formation of esters when an organic acid reacts with alcohols